This animal has long been one of the important livestock economically, and has held an important role in transporting people and goods for thousands of years. Horses can be ridden by humans using the saddle and can also be used to draw something, such as wheeled vehicles or plows.

Animals including horses are tame and easy to work with. Horses can feel safe and comfortable with humans. If you already know who the employers are always take care of him, the horse will be loyal to the employer.
Age horse can reach 25 years. Ordinary mare bred at age two years. After passing through the reproductive period, the horse will contain over six months.

Domesticated horses of many kinds, among other Arab Horse, Sumbawa Horse, Australian Horse, UK Horse, and Mustang Horse from North America. The types of this horse is the excellent kind of high value on the market. An Australia horse alone could be worth $ 25 million.
This type of horse is usually hardy, brave, beautiful skin color, and usually functioned to satisfy the human, as horse racing, horse circus, acrobatics and horse decorative horse. While the types of horses loads only, it costs no less than Rp 10 million per head, for horses aged 1 to 1.5 years.

Breeding horses is such as raising cows or goats or chicken, every time the disease can be dangerous and even deadly threat. Some diseases that need to watch out for is abdominal bloating, diarrhea, flu or colds, even though injured.
One that usually happens is flatulence. Symptoms, if the horse had flatulence, he likes rolling around on the ground such as upset stomach. This is caused by the feeding of forage that is still fresh, as fresh forage is still a lot of gas content as a trigger flatulence. Or it could also be caused by other causes, such as bathing the cattle come home after work. This will result in animals experiencing colds.

If a horse suffering from abdominal bloating , there are several things you can do. Among the horse took a walk, then gradually invited to run away until the horse peed or remove the dirt. Foods that are provided in the form of green feed should have withered before. Of grated papaya fruit drinks combined with the salt and cooking oil to taste.

The common equipment you should have is an English bridle, it help you control your horse especially if you’re going to use it for racing.

Some reservoir might already being established by local government, but the question is do you have it on your own? The easiest part on using water is by filtering the rainwater. The water later will be used for your daily activities, either its for your plants, washing cars, or might be for drink.

Rainwater harvesting is a way to collect rainwater, which are stored in a bin or sink into the ground. The method of rainwater harvesting is generally carried out in urban areas where the use of a pavement surface flow, roofs, and others that occurred during rain. One of rain water harvesting techniques will be discussed in this paper is rain water harvesting techniques by utilizing the roof of the house where the rainwater that falls on the roof will be collected and placed into the tank or rainwater tanks.

The rainwater which are falling into your roof, or any other materials, could be infected with some kind of things that makes the water contaminated. With rainwater collection systems, it could filter the water and destroy the unwanted contaminated materials.

Although instead of rainwater, you could also use other waste water, but rainwater is the easiest thing you could do to make the world a better place.
Another example that using waste water to be functional is the usage of waste water that had been used for bath or shower, and used for flushing your closet.

As in agriculture or farm industry we do need water as one resources to feed our cattle. The need of clean water causing you to spend extra money to have it, so my advice is open cattle nearby the water source, it help you safe some money for water consumption. What are lupus symptoms? There are lupus symptoms in women and men.

Having clean or sterilize water will increase the percentage quality of your product. You might be interested what are the criteria of clean water, find it below:

1. Physical Conditions
Physical requirements for clean water is clear (colorless), no taste, temperature below the outside air temperature so that in everyday life. Recognizing water that meets the physical requirements is not difficult as explained above.

2. Bacteriological Terms
For drinking purposes, water must be free from all bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria. How to know whether drinking water contaminated by pathogenic bacteria is to examine a sample (example) water. And if the examination 100 cc of water contained less than 4 bacteria E. coli then water has met health requirements. With less bacteria on the water, will avoid disease on your cattle.

3. Chemical Terms
Contain certain substances in certain quantities, too. One deficiency or excess chemicals in water will cause physiological disorders in humans (although we couldn’t found related articles on the impact in animal, but if its good for human, it was assumed perfect for animals). In accordance with the principles of appropriate technology in rural areas, the drinking water comes from springs and wells in water is acceptable as a healthy and meet the three requirements mentioned above provided that is not polluted by the dirt, especially human and animal feces. Hence springs or wells in rural areas should receive supervision and protection so as not polluted by people who use the water.

In order to safe some costs, having cattle nearby water resources is consider wise. Find well water from spring or fountain water is recommended, instead of its cheaper, most of it, the quality of the water are outstanding, free from bacteria and other harm chemical.

Things You’ll Need:
Animal care knowledge
Hard work
Start up capital

Instructions
Step 1
Different breeds do better in different climates. Some are better for milking and others for beef production. Find out a breed that does well in your area and suits your business goals.

Step 2
One learns cattle farming by cattle farming, not by reading a book. Consider taking a job on a cattle farm to gain knowledge and experience. You will also learn if the work is right for you. Sometimes people over romanticize the business. Once they spend a couple of weeks on a cattle farm they learn that cattle farming is not their thing. Why is that happen? Its because some of us looking for comfort which you could get in apartment kharkov, but sacrifice is needed when we’re talking about business to build.

Step 3
Acquire land and buy fencing. Be sure that the fencing is heavy enough to stand up to cattle. Make sure there are a few trees on your property to provide shade.

Step 4
Buy the cattle. Buy no more than one bull because they will fight each other. Brand them.

BGH: Turning Cows Into Biotech Milk Machines
Milk and dairy products produced in the United States – unless otherwise labeled – may come from cows routinely injected with a genetically engineered hormone called recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (BGH).
This is the story of BGH – its effect on cows, consumers, and farmers, as well as the efforts of agribusiness drug companies to get genetically engineered hormones into our nation’s dairy cows.
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What is BGH?Bovine Growth Hormone (BGH), also known as Bovine Somatotropin (BST), works by interfering with a cow’s natural physiology. Lactation is artificially manipulated through hormone injections. Monsanto, the hormone’s manufacturer, claims that BGH use results in an increase of up to 30 percent in milk production. BGH is produced by extracting growth hormones from cows, using sophisticated gene-splicing techniques to create synthetic hormones. These hormones are then injected into dairy cows on a regular basis. Monsanto claims that BGH merely “enhances” a natural process. Cows do, of course, produce hormones as part of their natural bio-chemical systems. But those natural hormones are produced in the proportion needed to meet the cow’s complex physiological needs. BGH manipulates these natural systems and artificially induces the cow to produce more milk than is appropriate for her body.

Pharmaceutical companies have spent millions of dollars developing genetically engineered hormones. Now that BGH has become an integral part of dairy farming, these drug companies are reaping even greater profits. BGH also stimulates drug company profits by increasing the sale of other pharmaceuticals. As BGH forces cows to produce more milk than is healthy for their bodies, the cows become more susceptible to infection and disease. This, in turn, creates additional needs for antibiotics and other drugs, which these companies are all too happy to provide.

FDA Suppresses Information
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Monsanto’s BGH – commercial name “Posilac” – in November 1993, supposedly after an extensive review of the product’s safety and efficacy. However, dozens of scientific studies conducted before and after the drug’s approval suggest the existence of several serious animal and human health concerns.
The controversy surrounding BGH has renewed public concern about the integrity of the FDA. The very agency that should be protecting the nation’s food supply has actively worked with drug companies to suppress information about BGH that would put the hormone in a negative light. The FDA violated its own internal policies in helping the pharmaceutical industry reap the profits of genetic engineering.
Dr. Richard Burroughs was a staff veterinarian and senior scientist at the FDA overseeing the analysis of industry-sponsored tests on BGH. He raised a number of questions about the safety of BGH and about the approval process his agency was using. Dr. Burroughs reported that:
· Cows treated with BGH have higher than normal levels of reproductive problems.
· Their udders show an increased tendency to become infected.
· The FDA did not assign reviewers with the expertise needed to evaluate the data.
· Adequate human health studies of the effects of BGH had not been conducted.
Ultimately, Dr. Burroughs was fired. “I was told that I was slowing down the approval process. It used to be that we had a review process at the FDA. Now we have an approval process. I don’t think the FDA is doing good, honest reviews. They’ve become an extension of the drug industry.”
The firing of Dr. Burroughs sent a powerful message to others working within the FDA who might have raised similar concerns.
Criticism of BGH has not abated since approval of the drug. Consumer and animal protection advocates filed legal petitions with the FDA in 1998 and 1999 seeking removal of genetically engineered Bovine Growth Hormone from the market. The agency denied both requests.
In March 2000, the Center for Food Safety led a coalition of over 50 scientific, consumer, environmental, and farm organizations in filing a legal petition with the FDA demanding the development of a thorough pre-market testing regime for genetically engineered foods, as well as mandatory labeling of all genetically engineered food products.
BGH-Milk: It Does No Body Good
BGH-milk contains higher levels of a human growth promotant knows as Insulin-like Growth Factor One, or IGF-1. This hormone, which is identical in cows and people, is a suspected carcinogen. Dr. Samuel S. Epstein, internationally renowned toxicologist, warns, “all women from conception to death will now be exposed to an additional breast cancer risk due to milk from cows treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone.”
Cancer is but one potential risk of consuming BGH-induced milk. Other risks result from the health problems that artificial BGH causes in cows.

The FDA admits that BGH injections increase sickness and drug use in dairy cows. Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports magazine, reports that “because of increased udder infections, it is more likely that milk from treated cows will be of lower quality – containing more pus and bacteria – than milk from untreated cows.”
Because hormone-treated cows are pushed to the limits of endurance, their immune systems are weakened. Producers respond by administering more antibiotics and other drugs to keep the over-stressed animals alive.
Milk from BGH-injected cows is more likely to contain dangerous residues of the more than 80 different drugs, many of them antibiotics, used to treat sick cows. From infancy to adulthood, people are dosed with antibiotic residues that contaminate baby formula, milk, cheese, and other dairy products.
The FDA and the dairy industry claim that they test raw milk for drug contamination. But this testing is wholly inadequate. They only look for a few of the scores of drugs actually administered to dairy cows.
Furthermore, the FDA allows drug-contaminated milk to be sold as long as the residues are at a “safe” level. These so-called “safe” levels have been shown to cause increases in drug resistant strains of virulent diseases.
This alarms medical experts, such as Dr. Stuart Levy of Tufts University. Dr. Levy warns of the growing human health crisis posed by “antibiotic resistance.” As disease organisms are exposed to the antibiotics used on dairy cows and other farm animals, they become increasingly resistant to drug treatment. Although exact numbers are not known, over ten thousand people probably die in the U.S. each year due to antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. And the number of deaths is rising annually.

The FDA has been notoriously lax in dealing with the misuse of antibiotics and other drugs in the dairy industry. It is estimated that there are more than 80 different drugs currently used by milk producers. Several of these drugs are passed on to people through milk, as well as through meat from slaughtered dairy cows and calves.
Many people have had debilitating allergic reactions to these antibiotics. In addition, one of the drugs routinely found in milk is sulfamethazine. Promoted by the drug industry as “safe and effective,” sulfamethazine is now known to be carcinogenic.
Animal Suffering
Though little has been done to measure BGH’s effects upon human health, pharmaceutical companies have sponsored tests to measure the impact of hormone injections on cows. Even these tests – clearly biased in favor of BGH – indicate the dangers of its use.
Routine injection of BGH into a cow increases her level of stress. A cow may not metabolize food quickly enough to compensate for the extra milk the hormone forces her to produce. This can throw her into what can be termed low-level shock. The cow remains in this condition for as long as the hormone is administered.
Cows injected with BGH may not be allowed to graze in pastures. Instead, they are confined in small areas where their diet and movement can be tightly controlled. Rather than grazing on grass, BGH-treated cows must consume a highly-concentrated diet to keep up with increased production. This, in turn, can lead to higher rates of metabolic disease. Industry tests also indicate that BGH may cause enlargement of internal organs, declines in the rate of pregnancy, increased intolerance to heat, and a dramatic increase in the amount of blood pumped through the animal’s heart.

Through reproductive technologies, the quantities of milk produced by cows have already increased dramatically. In extreme cases, cows must wear bra-like harnesses to support their engorged udders.
As a cow is made to produce greater quantities of milk, she is increasingly prone to mastitis – a painful infection of the udder. Tests have shown a 25 percent increase in the incidence of mastitis in cows receiving BGH injections. And mastitis has been associated with lameness, which research shows may increase as much as 50 percent with BGH use.
In 1930 the average cow produced 12 pounds of milk a day. By 1988 the average had risen to 39 pounds. If BGH increases production by 30 percent, that volume rises to 51 pounds a day per cow. This leads to a corresponding increase in veterinary problems associated with intensive milk production.
Bad Medicine
HFA has warned for years that the use of synthetic BGH would harm cows. This, of course, was vehemently denied by BGH manufacturers. Now, HFA has been proved correct.
Below are excerpts from the official government warning that by law must accompany Monsanto’s BGH: “Use of [BGH] is associated with increased frequency of use of medication in cows… Use of [BGH] in cows in which injection site swellings repeatedly open and drain should be discontinued. The number of cows affected with clinical mastitis and the number of cases per cow may increase…Use of [BGH] has been associated with increases in cystic ovaries and disorders of the uterus…Cows may have…increased twinning rates. Also, the incidence of retained placenta may be higher…Cows injected with [BGH] had increased numbers of enlarged hocks and lesions (e.g. lacerations, enlargements, calluses) of the knee (carpal region), and…disorders of the foot region.”

The government’s product warning for BGH has proven valid. In the first 4 years after its introduction, the FDA received nearly 2,000 reports from dairy farmers of adverse experiences with Posilac. (Each report may represent multiple problems and multiple animals affected.) The clinical manifestations cited in the reports include reproductive problems, mastitis, injection site reactions, udder abnormalities, digestive disorders, foot or leg problems, cardiovascular disorders, and death.
Canada and Europe Just Say No
Since approval of the drug in 1994, the U.S. has exerted pressure on Canada, Mexico, and other trading partners to sanction use of BGH in order to increase pressure on Europe through the World Trade Organization to accept BGH products.
Following approval of the drug in the U.S., Canada’s Health Protection Branch reviewed the data upon which the FDA’s decision was based and came to a starkly different conclusion. Concerned that the FDA had ignored or overlooked evidence showing adverse reactions in animal studies to BGH, Canada in 1999 rejected approval of the hormone.
Shiv Chopra, one of the Canadian scientists studying the drug, criticized the FDA for not calling for more studies, “instead of subjecting the public to unknown risks without their knowledge and consent.” He says, “The FDA may think this is an insignificant risk for the public, but they don’t know because they haven’t tested it fully.”
The European Union (EU) also commissioned two independent committees of internationally recognized experts to review the scientific literature related to the animal and human public health effects of BGH use. The committees reached the same conclusion as the Canadian health service and recommended a moratorium on use of the hormone, which was adopted by the EU.
Dairy Politics
The most persistent economic problem faced by the dairy industry today is overproduction. Every year farmers are driven out of business because milk production far outreaches demand. The increase in milk production attributed to BGH is having devastating consequences.
Studies at the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment and Cornell University predicted widespread use of BGH would drive as many as 30 percent of American dairy farmers out of business. And, in fact, between 1991 and 2001, the number of dairy operations in the U.S. declined by more than 40 percent. Those on the losing end are primarily small-scale family dairy farms. These are farms which are much more inclined than corporate agribusiness to use humane, sustainable, and environmentally-sound farming practices.
The problem of overproduction is so great that in 1985 the government paid over 14,000 dairy farmers to kill their cows and get out of the dairy business. Under this misguided program, 1.6 million cows were either slaughtered or exported for the purpose of reducing milk surpluses.
Overproduction results in economic loss for both farmers and taxpayers. This is because milk prices are artificially propped up by the government. The government sets a minimum price and then agrees to buy all of the milk products that cannot be sold.
BGH benefits only large-scale dairy factories that, with BGH increasing their yields, can gain an advantage over other farms. But that advantage is usually only temporary. In order to compete, other dairies in the area are forced to adopt the same technology. In short, BGH triggers a pharmaceutical arms race, requiring milk producers to use more and more hormones, antibiotics, and other drugs.
Many dairy farmers know that administering BGH will actually harm cows and make their work harder. However, some feel virtually forced to use it. According to Vermont dairy farmer Robert Baird, “None of us are excited about pushing our cows any harder. But if we’re forced to, we will use BGH to stay in business.”
Despite opposition from many farmers, some dairy industry organizations are promoting BGH. As of 2000, BGH was being injected into about 30 percent of U.S. dairy cows.
Boycott Hormone-Milk
Prior to its approval, the National Dairy Board, which is closely aligned with corporate agribusiness, conducted a survey regarding consumer reaction to the introduction of BGH in milk. Not surprisingly, consumers expressed alarm at the idea of genetically engineered hormones ending up in their children’s milk.
The Dairy Board set out to counteract this negative response. In 1990 it paid more than $1 million to a public relations firm to boost BGH’s image – even though most dairy farmers opposed BGH and would be harmed by its use.
Although the uproar over BGH quieted some after its introduction, the public remains opposed to its use. A 1996 University of Wisconsin study found that 74 percent of Americans considered the recombinant hormone a hazard, and 94 percent supported mandatory labeling.
The FDA, however, refuses to require that milk and dairy products from BGH-injected cows be labeled, instead leaving it to the states to decide whether to regulate labeling. The FDA’s refusal to label BGH-induced milk undermines the public’s right to know how food is produced and how farm animals are treated.
The economic and political forces behind BGH have even worked to prevent the labeling of milk that is free of synthetic hormones. Monsanto has gone so far as to sue dairies that label their milk as being free of the artificial hormone. In addition, 4 states – Hawaii, Illinois, Nevada, and Oklahoma – banned BGH-free labeling.
A group of dairy companies, led by Ben & Jerry’s ice cream sued Illinois and the city of Chicago in May 1996 over the ban on labeling. In August 1997 Illinois agreed to settle the lawsuit and allow labeling after Ben & Jerry’s agreed to modify the “BGH-free” wording on its labels. The compromise language reads: “We oppose recombinant bovine growth hormone. The family farmers who supply our milk pledge not to treat their cows” with the hormone.
Cows Can’t Say No – But We Can
Four multi-national drug companies have invested more than half a billion dollars in the development and promotion of BGH. The battle over the use and labeling of this hormone has significance for all areas of animal agriculture.
As BGH gains acceptance, it paves the way for the use of genetically engineered growth stimulants for pigs, sheep, and other farm animals. BGH itself has already been used in experiments to produce larger, faster growing chickens.

The National Agricultural Statistics Service estimated that Montcalm County dairy farms produced 205 million pounds of milk in 1999, up from 145 million in 1998. Montcalm County ranks 6th in the state in total milk produced. Dubai Escorts

Breeds
Feed & Nutrition
Housing
Milking
Marketing

Breeds

The vast majority of dairy cows in Montcalm County are Holsteins. Most Holsteins are readily identified by their black and white spots, although some have a red and white color pattern. A healthy Holstein calf weighs 90 pounds at birth. A mature Holstein (3 years of age) weighs 1500 pounds. Holsteins are the most popular breed of dairy cattle in the United States, comprising about 90% of the cow’s milk produced in the US. This is primarily because Holsteins excel at producing large quantities of milk.

The Jersey is the second most common breed in Montcalm County. Jerseys very greatly in color, but they are characterized by a shade of fawn with or without white markings. Their muzzle is black encircled by a light colored ring, and the tongue and switch may be either white or black. Jerseys are the smallest of dairy breeds, with a mature size of about 1000 pounds. Jerseys are noted for having the highest milkfat of any breed.

In addition to Holstein and Jersey, Montcalm County is home to a limited number of Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, and Milking Shorthorn dairy cows.

The Brown Swiss breed originated in Switzerland and is the oldest of the pure dairy breeds. Brown Swiss are known for their long life and outstanding feet and legs. They are colored solid brown with a black nose, tongue and tail.

The Guernsey is a shade of fawn, either solid or with white markings, with golden yellow pigmentation. The breed is moderate in size with mature cows weighing 1,150 pounds. The Guernsey is noted for the superior flavor of its golden-colored milk – naturally high in all milk solids.

Ayrshires are deep cherry red, mahogany, brown or a combination of any of these colors with white or white alone. A mature Ayrshire weighs at least 1,200 pounds. Ayrshires are characterized by strongly attached, evenly balanced, well shaped udders.

Milking Shorthorns are either red, red and white, or roan. Milking Shorthorns are known for their excellent reproductive efficiency and long life.

Feed & Nutrition

The vast majority of dairy cows in Montcalm County are Holsteins. Most Holsteins are readily identified by their black and white spots, although some have a red and white color pattern. A healthy Holstein calf weighs 90 pounds at birth. A mature Holstein (3 years of age) weighs 1500 pounds. Holsteins are the most popular breed of dairy cattle in the United States, comprising about 90% of the cow’s milk produced in the US. This is primarily because Holsteins excel at producing large quantities of milk.

The Jersey is the second most common breed in Montcalm County. Jerseys very greatly in color, but they are characterized by a shade of fawn with or without white markings. Their muzzle is black encircled by a light colored ring, and the tongue and switch may be either white or black. Jerseys are the smallest of dairy breeds, with a mature size of about 1000 pounds. Jerseys are noted for having the highest milkfat of any breed.

In addition to Holstein and Jersey, Montcalm County is home to a limited number of Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, and Milking Shorthorn dairy cows.

The Brown Swiss breed originated in Switzerland and is the oldest of the pure dairy breeds. Brown Swiss are known for their long life and outstanding feet and legs. They are colored solid brown with a black nose, tongue and tail.

The Guernsey is a shade of fawn, either solid or with white markings, with golden yellow pigmentation. The breed is moderate in size with mature cows weighing 1,150 pounds. The Guernsey is noted for the superior flavor of its golden-colored milk – naturally high in all milk solids.

Ayrshires are deep cherry red, mahogany, brown or a combination of any of these colors with white or white alone. A mature Ayrshire weighs at least 1,200 pounds. Ayrshires are characterized by strongly attached, evenly balanced, well shaped udders.

Milking Shorthorns are either red, red and white, or roan. Milking Shorthorns are known for their excellent reproductive efficiency and long life.

Housing

Dairy housing facilities range widely by farm and age of the animal. Calves are typically housed individually to prevent respiratory and other diseases from spreading from one animal to another. Calves need a dry, draft-free environment. Hutches or individual pens in a larger building are the most common housing arrangements for calves.As calves age, they are grouped by size. A common way to house heifers is in open fronted buildings designed to minimize labor requirements during feeding and manure removal.

Most dairy cows in Montcalm County are housed in either stanchion barns or freestall barns. Some are given access to an open corral or pasture. Stanchion barns, sometimes called stall barns, are the more traditional type of dairy cow housing. Because each cow has her own stall, stanchion barns allow for more individual attention for cows. However, the disadvantages of stanchion barns include having to stoop down during milking and increased labor for distributing feed to each individual cow.

Most new housing facilities built today are freestall barns. Freestalls are simple in design, allowing each individual cow to select her own stall to lie in. The cow makes her own decision when she wants to exit the stall and move to the feed bunk or water trough. Many different bases for freestalls are used throughout the county including sawdust, sand, or mattresses made of rubber. Another major advantage of freestalls is the ability to feed all cows along a fence line by a feed wagon or truck. In addition, freestalls allow for ease of grouping cows by production or other management considerations like stage in reproductive life.

Milking

While each individual farm may have its own standard operating procedure for milking cows, there are some key steps that nearly every farm follows. Once the cow enters the milking parlor or stanchion barn where she will be milked, the cow’s udder is cleaned. This may be done by wiping the udder with a clean, dry cloth and coating the cow’s four teats with a cleaning solution containing iodine or some other sanitizer. This process does
two things: removes dirt and bacteria to ensure a clean milk supply and stimulates the cow to “let down” or release her milk. After 15 to 20 seconds of contact time to kill bacteria and stimulate milk let down, the teats are then wiped clean with a towel or cloth and the milking unit is applied. The milking unit creates a controlled vacuum that opens the teat end and allows milk to flow out. The vacuum does not hurt the cow, operating similarly to the action of a suckling calf or a baby sucking his thumb. Many milking units are automated so they release automatically from the cow’s teats when milk flow slows. It takes approximately five minutes to milk a cow. Once the milking unit is removed, teats are dipped with a safe, proven teat dip containing an effective germicide. During this process, milk is never exposed to air. It travels through the milking unit through sanitized pipelines to a refrigerated storage tank where it is quickly cooled to 45°F or lower.

Marketing

Most Montcalm family farms are members of milk marketing cooperatives. These cooperatives are owned and controlled by the member patrons. Often a single farm does not produce enough milk to ship an entire truckload to a milk processing facility. The cooperatives market the farmers’ milk as a group, shipping truckloads of milk to various processing facilities across the state. Milk is either bottled for the fluid market or manufactured into one of many scrumptious dairy products like ice cream, yogurt, butter or cheese.

The northern part of Montcalm County is home to a large Amish community. Many Amish make all or part of their living from the dairy business. Milk from many of the Amish farms is shipped to the Farm Country Cheese House, located south of Lakeview. Visitors have an opportunity to watch cheese making and select from a wide variety of cheeses for purchase when visiting the Farm Country Cheese House.

Dairy Production in Florida

Dairy farming is one of Florida’s biggest animal industries, second only to the beef cattle industry in dollar value. For decades, the number of dairy farms in Florida has been in decline, while the size of herds on individual farms has increased dramatically. Today, most dairy farms in Florida have between 500 and 1000 cows, and several huge mega-dairies have over 3000 cows!
The lives of dairy cows are a bleak cycle of pregnancy, birth and milking to provide one thing—milk for human consumption.
The heat and humidity of Florida’s climate makes life difficult for dairy cows. Florida’s hot and wet conditions also increase health problems such as mastitis, a common but serious bacterial infection of the mammary gland.
In an attempt to fight the heat, and to better control waste, farms confine cows in warehouse-sized buildings that have giant fans running 24 hours a day. But confining cows creates other problems. As a result of standing on concrete, and from lack of exercise, dairy cows commonly suffer from painful feet or leg injuries. Lameness is one of the most frequent reasons that dairy farmers kill cows.
The Short, Sad Life of a Dairy Cow
Like other mammals, cows have to give birth in order to produce milk. Immediately after giving birth, the dairy cow’s calf is forcibly taken from her and fed artificially.
Male calves are of little value to the dairy industry, so dairy farmers sell them to the notoriously cruel veal industry (there would be no veal without the dairy industry!), or just abandon them at the farm. In 2000, workers at a dairy farm in Okeechobee were caught on film dumping day-old calves in a pit, and shooting them with a pistol.

Young female calves are moved into tiny, individual pens where they spend the first weeks of their lives, cut off almost completely from contact with other cows. A strip of fabric serves as shade. Farmers claim that they must isolate calves to protect them from infectious disease, noxious ammonia and other threats to young animals that are common in modern dairy farms.
Before a calf leaves the pen, she will be dehorned, a painful and stressful mutilation, usually conducted without anesthesia (farmers explain that dehorning reduces injuries in the crowded dairy). Before the calf turns two, she will be artificially inseminated and begin her “productive life.” Cows are milked twice, even three times per day, and are pushed to produce as much as 20,000 lbs of milk per year!
After a few short years, a cow’s milk production declines and she is sold for slaughter. Cows are also killed if they have difficulty getting pregnant, or due to chronic mastitis or lameness, anything that makes her no longer profitable. A cow’s natural lifespan is 25 years or more.
The Environment

The amount of wastewater and manure produced on dairy farms is astounding, and inevitably pollutes rivers, lakes and groundwater.
On dairy farms, enormous quantities of water are used to clean the animals and milking equipment, in operating sprinklers to cool animals, and in flushing manure out of barns—in addition to the water cow’s drink. A study by the University of Florida estimated that 100 cows can produce over 100,000 gallons of wastewater each week!
(photo: at a farm visited by ARFF, wastewater is pumped into a huge lagoon.)
It is not surprising that dairies are one of Florida’s most significant sources of water pollution. (The ammonia and other gases from manure can also contribute to air pollution.)
Strong Bones?
Our bodies need the mineral calcium to build and maintain bones and teeth. But cow’s milk is not the best or a necessary source. Plant foods can provide all the calcium and other nutrients we need. The most healthful calcium sources are fortified orange juice or non-dairy milks, beans, instant oatmeal, broccoli, and green leafy vegetables such as collards or kale.
Cow’s milk is high in calories, fat and cholesterol, and frequently contains antibiotics, hormones and other drug residues. Millions of Americans are dairy (lactose) intolerant.
Beyond Dairy.
The only beings suited to consume cow’s milk are infant cows.
ARFF recommends that people wishing to reduce animal suffering minimize or, better yet, eliminate animal products from their diet. Contact ARFF for ideas on how to make the change to a healthier, animal-free lifestyle.
ARFF investigation reveals animal neglect, unsafe conditions at UF dairy farm
In November 2006, ARFF was contacted by a former employee of the University of Florida’s Dairy Research Unit near Gainesville who reported serious problems at the facility. An ARFF volunteer visited the facility to investigate and confirmed several of the allegations of mismanagement and neglect.

The allegations included: (1) cows becoming sick after eating screws and wire left behind by maintenance crews, plastic gloves used in breeding and other improperly disposed garbage; (2) cows suffering broken bones or other life-ending injuries after slipping on poorly maintained surfaces; (3) an injured or sick cow improperly euthanized by several gunshots to the head; (4) cows not treated at first sign of illness or injury, especially when the illness did not immediately affect milk production; (5) animal cruelty. ARFF learned of an incident in which an employee at the facility whipped an uncooperative cow with his belt.
ARFF filed a complaint with the University of Florida urging them to investigate. The university responded and admitted that problems do exist. Hopefully, ARFF’s complaint and an article that followed in a local newspaper will lead to improvements at the dairy farm.
Although the allegations and the conditions ARFF documented at the farm were shocking, they are not uncommon in Florida dairy farms. Even the best dairy farm can’t avoid abuses that are inherent to the industry, such as female calves forcibly taken from their mothers shortly after birth, and males calves cruelly disposed of. After a few short years, when a cow’s milk production declines, all dairy cows are sold for slaughter.
The best way to help end the suffering of cows in the dairy industry is to eliminate dairy and all animal products from your diet.
The former university employee told ARFF that she had worked at the facility for two years, and in that time she watched cows that she had fallen in love with deteriorate before her eyes. Because of her experience, she has stopped drinking millk.
1431 N. Federal Highway • Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304 • (954) 727-ARFF